강인혜

[논문] Ginsenoside Rg3, enriched in red ginseng extract, improves lipopolysaccharides‑induced suppression of brown and beige adipose thermogenesis with mitochondrial activation

Scientific reports

3.8

2045-2322

14

SCIE

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) which is a critical regulator of energy homeostasis, and its activity is inhibited by obesity and low-grade chronic infammation. Ginsenoside Rg3, the primary constituent of Korean red ginseng (steamed Panax ginseng CA Meyer), has shown therapeutic potential in combating infammatory and metabolic diseases. However, it remains unclear whether Rg3 can protect against the suppression of browning or activation of BAT induced by infammation. In this study, we conducted a screening of ginsenoside composition in red ginseng extract (RGE) and explored the anti-adipogenic efects of both RGE and Rg3. We observed that RGE (exist 0.25 mg/mL of Rg3) exhibited signifcant lipid-lowering efects in adipocytes during adipogenesis. Moreover, treatment with Rg3 (60 μM) led to the inhibition of triglyceride accumulation, subsequently promoting enhanced fatty acid oxidation, as evidenced by the conversion of radiolabeled 3 H-fatty acids into 3 H-H2O with mitochondrial activation. Rg3 alleviated the attenuation of browning in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)treated beige adipocytes and primary brown adipocytes by recovered by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the oxygen consumption rate compared to the LPS-treated group. These protective efects of Rg3 on infammation-induced inhibition of beige and BAT-derived thermogenesis were confrmed in vivo by treating with CL316,243 (a beta-adrenergic receptor agonist) and LPS to induce browning and infammation, respectively. Consistent with the in vitro data, treatment with Rg3 (2.5 mg/kg, 8 weeks) efectively reversed the LPS-induced inhibition of brown adipocyte features in C57BL/6 mice. Our fndings confrm that Rg3-rich foods are potential browning agents that counteract chronic infammation and metabolic complications.

Keywords Ginsenoside Rg3, Beige adipocytes, Brown adipocytes, Adaptive thermogenesis, Infammation, Mitochondrial activation

Fang Feng, Hyun‑A Ko , Thi MyTienTruong, Woo‑Jin Song, Eun‑Ju Ko & Inhae Kang

2024.04.22.

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59758-1